Essay on The Crucible Essay Example for Free

Essay on The Crucible Essay The Crucible was written by the great play writing legend Sir Arthur Miller. He created many ingenious plays. In particular I would like to focus on the play (The Crucible) is based on a true story. The Crucible is set in America in the state of Massachusetts within the small village of Salem in the late seventeenth century. In this period of time, witch hunting was at its peak. In addition, religion was regarded as the law it was powerful over everyone and no one could question its authority. No one would dare speak against it or the consequences could be lethal. For many hundreds of years throughout Europe there was a belief in witchcraft. At times the principle turned into historical fear, leading into campaigns or persecution against suspected witches. It was thought that witches were agents of the devil. In 1692 there was an outbreak of accusations of witchcraft in Salem, Massachusetts (USA). The colonists there were Puritans who followed a particular form of Protestant Christianity and would tolerate no other. They felt surrounded by ungodly people and they associated the forest with savages and with evil. Salem was a puritan community their lives were ruled by religion. The role pf religion is very powerful and id used to control the community within the courts of Salem, religion is referred to throughout the play. The Crucible criticises the effects of the Cold War America experienced in the 1950s. McCarthy felt his power threatened by his peoples interest in communism. It was feared that Russia take over the world. This links to The Crucible because the people in the play are craving for freedom, they dont want to be tied to religion and the Bible. The Crucible begins with the village girls cleaning and making something in a pot, which is against the laws of Salem. This action leads to a whole plot of jealousy, betrayal and ends up in hangings. Miller tries to display the act of the girls dancing in the forest as a form of plea, a cry for help. Throughout the play there are many characters with a variety of strong agendas that display their notions by insinuating them in ways, which cause arguments and stir the pot. After both reading and watching The Crucible I noticed that there were four main categories in which the characters fell into. The powerful, the righteous, the weak and the jealous. Most of the characters or the main characters rather entered the powerful and jealous categories. Judge Danforth for example, a powerful man with extreme authority, he turns a blind eye to the truth to keep his position and stay in power. He is bought and biased, looks more for his own benefit rather than helping others which should be the case. He abuses his position magnificently to stay in power. Reverend Paris, also has a considerable amount of power in the village of Salem. His main concern seems to be keeping his reputation and hes bent on doing anything and everything to keep his authority and be feared. He has controlling power yet refuses to shift position for the right cause. John Proctor is an honest man who isnt easily led. He is a hardworking farmer in his mid-thirties with logical thought. He is married, even tempered but is powerful of mind and body. Proctor is feared and respected in Salem, however he is no saint he has committed adultery with Abigail Williams who worked for Proctor as a servant but was subsequently fired when Proctor realized his mistake. Hes a good-hearted man who wants to make his wrongs right. An honourable man, who stands up for what is right and uses his wisdom against that which is wrong. Abigail, a very cunning young woman, she has committed adultery with John Proctor and uses this to her advantage by blackmailing and threatening him. She blames lies on other to save herself, she plays innocent and acts nai ve when in reality she is the cause of the disputes. She is evil and spiteful, cares for nobody but herself she is simply selfish. Mary Warren, one of the weak and afraid characters, who can be moulded through threatening, as she is easily intimidated. She sides with Proctor when he threatens her and then sides with Abigail when she blackmails her. She is very controlled as though she doesnt have a mind of her own nor any opinions. Because her worth is less than a slave she grew up with no honour, respect, honesty or independence, this is why she is unable to see the wrong as well as Proctor and in the end sides with the wrong people out of pure fear. Unfortunately, Mary Warren is a timid and gullible character who plays an unwitting role in the outcome of the trial. The audience will see the tension build up when they see such a combination of characters who all have very different agendas and are extremely volatile arguing in this type of situation. In this essay, I will focus mainly on act 3. It begins in the courtroom the witch trial has commenced. There are of course two parties, those accused of being witches (John Proctor, his wife etc) and the accusers (Rev. Parris etc). Proctor has a tough job defending himself because he has to prove that the court is wrong, Danforth questions Proctor and finds out what kind of a man he is before he hears the case. Giles Corey testifies for his wife (she was accused of being a witch). Giles feels guilty since it was he who told the court that his wife, Martha, had been reading some books. The court believes that she was reading them books to learn how to curse people. Francis Nurse testifies and defends his wife, Judge Hathorne supposes they are the bad ones and is angered by their blatant denial so consequently orders Corey and Nurse to be arrested. Proctor forces Mary Warren to testify for the defence and she complies by saying she lied in the court before. John says the girls are lying about the witchcraft. This makes the judges very nervous because if Proctor is correct then they have killed many innocent people. Proctor presents his case, he has three depositions to offer for evidence, the first being a signed petition proving the innocence of the three mens wives. The second statement comes from Giles Corey, he tells the judges that Thomas Putnam is a ravenous and greedy man who is obsessed with attaining land through any means. However, Putnam denies this and Corey refuses to tell the court who gave him this information on Putnam in fear of being arrested. Unfortunately, he is still arrested for contempt of court. From here we are taken back to Rev. Hale who has realised his mistake and has changed sides, now supporting Proctor. Mary is the third final element of Johns defence. John tells her what to say and that he is supporting her. But Mary Warren is afraid no one will believe her (that the witchery was all untrue and the girls had been lying all along) because she lied earlier. Danforth brings in the accusers led by Abigail. Williams says that Mary is lying, the judges begin to wonder how Mary could be pretending to be a witch earlier. She is asked to demonstrate this pretending for the court. She cant. Abigail and Danforth argue when Williams is questioned and then pretends to be seeing Mary as a bird in the air from the devil. The rest of the girls on Abigails side mimic her for their act to look believable. Proctor having no options left reveals his affair with Abigail. The men are horrified, John and Abigail are instructed to turn their backs while Elizabeth Proctor is bought in. She is asked if her husband has committed lechery. Not knowing he has confessed and thinking of his protection, her loyalty to John gets the better of her and she denies it. As she is led out John tells her he has confessed and they both realize that have lost completely. Abigail and the girls continue to act as though afflicted Mary Warren until she finally cracks. She accuses Proctor for having used her for the devils work and runs into the now welcoming arms of Abigail. Proctor and Giles Corey are led to the prison.

Led Zeppelin :: essays research papers

Led Zeppelin Led Zeppelin was one of the giants of the 1970’s in hard rock. They were also one of the greatest success stories that ever played hard rock music. The group was one the more popular hard rock groups that performed in the seventies, and even had some hits in the 1960’s. The members of the group are Jimmy Page, born on April 9, 1944, Robert Plant, born on August 24, 1948, John Paul Jones, born on January 3, 1946, and John Bonham born on May 31, 1948. Jimmy Page played guitar, Robert Plant was the vocalist, John Paul Jones played bass guitar and the keyboard, and John Bonham beat the drums. The group had the complete set up for a band right off the start. They produced their first record in thirty hours to complete their deal with the old Yardbirds. They toured Scandinavia for awhile also to complete their obligations to the Yardbirds. When they first came to the United States they supported Vanilla Fudge. They also played in clubs to start their American popularity. After they played in the clubs they got their first headlining tour and toured again that. They were playing their fifth tour by the March of 1970. Led Zeppelin the record was released by the Atlantic Records in 1969. Shortly after the record was released it was number eight and stayed in the top twenty for six weeks. When the Led Zeppelin II was released, it was Atlantic Records’ fastest selling album at 100,000 copies a week. They broke their own record in 1975 when â€Å"Physical Graffiti† that sold 500 copies an hour. All of their albums have gone platinum. They were the first group to heavily tour the United States and sporadically tour the rest of the world. This occurred because there was a lack of interest in them Britain. Their success was due to their manager Peter Grant. Peter was able to keep the group moving from place to place and kept the people interested in them. Peter thought that they would work every other year so they would stay in demand. While they were working on their first movie featuring them. This movie was of the group playing their music, which was called, â€Å"The Song Remains Playing.† A representative from their record company called and told Page that the sales of their new album Houses of the Holy was spectacular.

The schematization of aesthetics was founded in Ancient times

The schematization of aesthetics was founded in Ancient times, which is manifested in Plato and Aristotle’s philosophies. Plato stance on aesthetic is very negative because it can distract the innate nature of soul. But his pessimism on aesthetics specifically of arts in general is best represented in his conjecture that an art â€Å"is thrice removed from reality†. Aristotle, on the other hand, has positive note on aesthetics because he sees art as representation of Forms or of truth. From these two ancient philosophers, the debate and conceptualization of aesthetics has transformed greatly in different periods. Friedrich Nietzsche posits that aesthetics is a means of preservation, meaning, beauty for him is encapsulated in terms of life prolongation. Leo Tolstoy postulated that aesthetics is based on peasant artistry because these workers understand the beauty of life. The complexities of aesthetics have metamorphosized throughout the progression of different civilizations and epochs of philosophy. In line with this, contemporary aestheticians like Jun'ichiro Tanizaki and Susanne K. Langer joined the bandwagon to advance aesthetics epistemic views. And these contemporary philosophers agreed on one point, that aesthetics or the valuation of beauty, as well as, its intricacies, nuances and elements, is greatly influenced by geographic positioning. This assertion was deduced from the fact that in every period novel idea on aesthetics sprouted wherein this period shaped new debates on the topic at hand. In summation, each period in philosophy supplemented new keys on the development of philosophy. In Tanizaki’s In Praise of Shadows, he juxtaposed Oriental aestheticism to Western aestheticism wherein he highlighted the significance of going back to the remnants of the past because it served as the defining moment of every stance on arts. He argued that one must embrace his own aesthetics even if it is tarnished and old because it is the precursor of one’s culture and tradition, and therefore, any concept of beauty from foreign culture must be disregarded altogether since it can eradicate the innate nature of one’s aesthetics. This is very prominent in the character of Tanizaki because when he was just a budding novelist he appreciated Western aestheticism, which has influenced his writing during those times, until he realized that he must represent Japanese concept of arts and beauty through literature. Tanizaki conjectured that the key note in Japanese concept of beauty is founded on the ideas of shadow. The architectural blueprint of traditional Japanese highly embodies shadows manifested through the quiet and murky interiors, which emanates a nostalgic atmosphere due to the independent existence and presence of shadows.   Tanizaki reinforced his idea of shadow in the articulateness of beauty in the form of polished tableware, temple toilets, kimonos, and Japanese stage, which are highly affected by the intensity of its dark spectrum. In lieu to this, Tanizaki pointed out that if light was applied on Japanese aesthetics all of its essence will diminish because light is the attribute of Western aestheticism, and likewise will happen if darkness was incorporated to Western arts. His basis on the above mentioned arguments is embedded on his credence on the delineation of Western culture and Japanese culture. According to Tanizaki, Western citizens in ancient times give importance to gold because it emanates unspeakable beauty when candlelight reflects it. On the other hand, Japanese people vehemently dislike light because it exposes the imperfection of their own white skin. According to Thomas J. Harper (translator of In Praise of Shadows), Tanizaki distinguish Japanese aestheticism based on shadows because it shows an unfathomable yet beautiful reverence and somberness, which is lacking in the magnificently lit arts of the West. Like Tanizaki, Langer also believed that one’s perception of aesthetics is dependent of his geographic positioning. At the first chapter of her book entitled Philosophy in a New Key: A Study in the Symbolism of Reason, Rite, and Art, she defined philosophy as â€Å"characterized more by the formulation of its problems than by its solutions of them†[1], which implies that each groups or societies see things in different perspectives and in their perception of things, they have their own understanding of what they see and have their own questions about it. Therefore, when it comes to beauty or aesthetics definitive schema, each society has the authority to posit their own stance about it, and mostly their stance is deeply rooted in culture and tradition. Tanizaki’s key of aesthetics is logically plausible in Langer’s philosophy since she espoused a relativistic means of understanding the nature of things and the contingency of the universe, in context with aesthetics. But Langer has her own philosophic inclination on beauty, wherein her key is discourse and representation. For Langer, aesthetics expresses the emotive form of arts through symbols and logic. But it must be noted that she saw that the main problem in expressing aesthetic is the means of expressing it. According to her, music possesses a degree of mood or emotion towards the meaning of life wherein it represents a form of epistemic valuation and truth. This music that embodies a certain feeling of purely perceptible matters can be expressed in innumerable manners, but the musician has to figure out which manner because wrong choice of manner will annihilate the content of its emotion and its purity. In toto, Langer saw philosophy as perpetually progressing, as well as aesthetics, because different epochs have either discovered or created a new key to elucidate the universe. She purported that the fecundity of new keys in the philosophical realm will always exists because human understanding is innately transformational. Unlike most philosophers like Bertrand Russell who argued that novel ideas in philosophy is impossible because what is left to humanity is to recycle old philosophies, Langer believed that the pasts has influenced on our present cogito but it does not necessarily follow that it will shape the present landscape of philosophizing. The point is that man’s rationality is not fixed; therefore present and future generation can discover or create a new motif of intellectual intercourse, which will eventually define the philosophy of their period. Tanizaki and Langer’s philosophies on aesthetics are significant because of its willingness and openness to the possibility of new keys, in terms of new perspectives and theories. It broadens the horizon of philosophical enterprise since new schemes and conceptualizations are doomed to realization. The only danger on their stance on the concept of â€Å"new keys† is that it jeopardized the universality of things, specifically of aesthetics or beauty. Their postulate that aesthetics valuation is based on geographic positioning or dependent of one’s social constructs breathes relativism, meaning, every perspective on aesthetic is sound and valid, or to put it simply â€Å"beauty is in the eye of the beholder†. And worse, the innateness of aesthetics seems impossible to be exposed because of diverse perceptions on it. REFERENCE: Langer, Susanne K. Philosophy in a New Key: A Study in the Symbolism of Reason, Rite, and Art 3rd edition ed: Harvard University Press, 1957. Tanizaki, Junichiro. In Praise of Shadows. Trans. Charles Moore, Edward G. Seidensticker and Thomas J. Harper: Leetes Island Books 1980. [1] Langer, Susanne. Philosophy in a New Key: A Study in the Symbolism of Reason, Rite, and Art.   Harvard University Press, 1957 p.4.

A Financial Report on Port Elizabeth - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2036 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Level High school Did you like this example? Port Volumes Port Elizabeth handled a total of 1,176 ships during the 2011/12 financial year ended 31 March 2012, with a total tonnage of 27,005,954-gt. Cargo handled during the fiscal year 2005/06 amounted to 11,755,469 tonnes including containers, of which 5,970,945 tonnes was bulk cargo, 1,729,880t was breakbulk, and 4,054,644 tonnes were containers. Imports (without containers) amounted to 2,006,010t and exports 5,659,668. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Financial Report on Port Elizabeth" essay for you Create order Transhioment cargo handled was 35,147t without containers. The port handled 300,344 TEUs during 2011/12, of which 157,057 were imports including 74,655 transhipment TEUs and 143,287 were exports, including 77,558 transhipment TEUs. Port Facilities Port Elizabeths main features are the container terminal, fruit terminal and manganese terminal. The container terminal has a capacity in excess of 375,000 TEUs and has the advantage of being able to load railway trains directly under the gantry cranes, without containers having to be double handled, thus speeding up delivery to inland destinations. There are 5,400 ground slots for conventional container handling. The terminal has three quayside gantry cranes and is supported by a number of straddle carriers. Motor vehicle components constitute a large percentage of the container traffic at Port Elizabeth, with other commodities including steel, machinery, wool, and agricultural products making up the balance. The break bulk ter minal handles a variety of agricultural products including wheat imports and fruit (deciduous and citrus) exports as well as steel, scrap, timber and motor vehicles. At the bulk facility the storage bins have a capacity of 350,000 tonnes of manganese ore, which is the major bulk export from Port Elizabeth. Smaller volumes of other ores are also handled here. The port offers bunker facilities at berths 13, 14 and 15 (ore and tanker berths), with diesel oil available at the Dom Pedro Quay (trawler quay).A full range of ships chandling and stevedoring as well as other support services is available. The port houses a yacht club and marina as well as a NSRI base. Looking ahead: Port Elizabeth faces losing some of its container business, and in the future all of its dry and liquid bulk traffic to the new port of Ngqura (Coega) which has been open since October 2009. The bulk terminals involving manganese exports and petroleum products at Guar are however not expected to be developed for some years as Transnet is locked in to existing contracts at Port Elzaibeth. Interestingly a Port Infrastructure Master Plan of justa few years ago made provision for extending Port Elizabeth harbour with a new quay to the east of and adjacent to the No.1 or Charl Malan Quay. Whether such a facility will ever be built appears unlikely due to the development of the Port of Ngqura a mere 20km away. SECTION 2. FINANCIAL DATA SALES FORECAST (YEARLY) YEAR YEAR YEAR SALES 1 2 3 FINISHED GOODS 34560 51840 69120 SPEAR PARTS 5184 7776 10368 SERVIES. 6912 10368 13824 TOTAL SALES 46656 69984 93312 YEAR YEAR YEAR DIRCT COST OF SALES 1 2 3 FINISHED GOODS 15552 23328 31104 SPEAR PARTS 2332.8 3499.2 4665.6 SERVIES. 3110.4 4665.6 6220.8 TOTAL DIRECT COST OF SALES 20995.2 31492.8 41990.4 TABLE 5. SALES FORECAST YEARLY TABLE 6. PL MONTHLY TABLE 7. BALANCE SHEET TABLE 8. BREAK EVEN POINT fixed cost per month AMOUNT Sales 3888 Profit 214 variable cost @ 30% 1166 fixed cost per year 2507 TABLE 9. BEP FIG. 19. BREAK EVEN POINT FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS From export plan it has been found out that India and South Africa both are having several needs which are being fulfilled by export or import only. Only their own capacity doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t fulfil their requirements. India and South Africa is doing trade from many years and both are part of several committees like BRICS, which focuses on finding ways to increase export-import opportunities. It is found out that industrial growth of India is high, as compared to the other developing countries, because of that development in the electrical electronics industry is at faster rate as compared to South Africa. Export procedure of India requires documentation and many other things which demotivate some businessman not to do business in other countries. Export procedure can be created as such that it can be easy to understand and procedure can be completed in lesser time. Initiatives taken by government through providing different schemes to exporters helps companies to g et initial benefit of cost and they can be able to work in better way as they are getting financial benefit in some or the other area. EXIM Bank is one of the most important institute supporting for the export for Small and Medium enterprise. SUGGESTIONS: Neither for South Africa nor for India, each other are main trade partners; but they are doing business with other countries so some ways can be found out for both countries to be in win-win situation and by that both could have better trade relations. As company is going to analyse market for three, they can plan to go public if they find huge opportunity in South African market. As company is going to supply 100 kVA diesel set generators it will be good opportunity to company for analysing the demands of the generators set and thus can expand its product line. If there is any kind of opportunity after three year and if company can able handle they can definitely plan to have warehouse in South Africa and after that they have to deal with human capital at South Africa. There is huge scope in the service industry as well as in the recycling of the diesel set generators so the company can initially analyse the scenario and then can enter into that business also. CONCLUSION Now a days, almost each and every organization needs consistent power supply as data loss can be more expensive than the capital expenditure required for backup power equipment. Globally, power demand is increasing rapidly, while supply is not growing at the same pace, thus creating huge power deficit in many parts of the world. Consequently, the demand for power generation equipment such as diesel generators continues to increase worldwide. Poor power infrastructure and unreliable grid power supply have been largely responsible for increasing frequency of power outages, which is likely to boost the demand for diesel gensets across the globe. The global market for diesel gensets is largely dominated by Asia-Pacific due to rapid urbanization and industrialization in this region, with China and India emerging as the largest revenue contributing countries in the regionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s diesel genset market. Electrical Industry supply diesel generators for virt ually every market sector. The one common denominator is the requirement for efficient, reliable power à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" either for prime power or on standby. OPPORTUNITIES: If you can identify a product that is produced particularly well in your country, but does not yet exist in a country where it will be demanded, this provides a perfect business opportunity to export it before somebody else does, or before the destination country starts producing it themselves. South Africa is a country of 50 million people that is rich in diverse cultures, people and natural heritage. Enjoying remarkable macroeconomic stability and a pro-business environment, South Africa is a logical and attractive choice for U.S. companies to enter the African continent. It is the most advanced, broad-based and productive economy in Africa, and has a gross domestic product (GDP) of $363.7 billion in 2010, or about one third of the total GDP for sub-Saharan Africa region. Over the last five years, th e annual growth of South Africaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s GDP has averaged 3.2 percent. This creates opportunity to export in south Africa. Rising Urbanization, growing consumerism and increasing infrastructure investment is the great opportunity to export in South Africa. Growth in Electrical industry and other industry where product can be used: Analysis shows that South African Electrical industry is at growing stage and it has opportunity to grow; which indicates that demand of high electricity supply ,which inturns will lead to demand of diesel set generators. Thus can expand its product chain too. Growing import of chemical in South Africa from India: As the electrical industry is growing in South Africa import of electrical products from India is also increasing. Trade data of electrical industry of India and South Africa shows that how the trend is showing growth in the electrical and electronics import by South Africa from India. Also the service sector of diesel set generator is the important area for the expansion for the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s business. and also the recycling of diesel set generator business is having prominent growth in future in south Africa. Support from government and other associations: Government and different associations are supporting the export from India to South Africa. They are providing support through monetary and non-monetary bases. Support includes incentive to export, help in export procedure, deduction in charges, reimbursement in certain costs, support at South African trade fairs, etc. As the demand for gensets in Africa has a growing trend, it creates opportunity to export gensets in Africa. Unemployment, at a rate of 25 percent, remains South Africaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s largest social challenge. Hence, if we set up our plant in South Africa, then also we will be able to get manpower easily. Importing and exporting increases consumer choice of products and services. Consumer choice is a strong point of competitive advantage for a company and is valued so highly by society that it is included in international measures of welfare. Exporting can allow for a country or industry to carry on p roducing at a lower cost. Costs of production are a large determining factor behind the competitiveness and profitability of a business. The wise exporter will seek to take advantage of differences in prices around the world to help these benefit local or foreign firms. As producing DG sets in our own country and then exporting to South Africa reduces cost, it is wise to export directly to South Africa. ANNEXURE Bibliography Arora, M.N. 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Kotler, Philip. Marketing Managment. 1994. Pandey, I M. Financial Management. vikas publishing limited, 2009. pib.nic.in/archieve/ForeignTradePolicy/ForeignTradePolicy.pdf. n.d. 1